Illustration: an older Kurdish man in a wound jamana head-wrap and a shal u shapik jacket chews bnisht, holding the next piece; a plate of pieces sits in front of him.

بنێشت

bnêşt

Kurdish gum. Not the gum you know.

Pale, waxy little squares, cut from the cooked resin of wild pistachio trees. Take a bite and see how it goes.

Just for fun.

Hand to hand

Passed on. He never keeps it long.

Illustration: the elder’s sleeve reaches down through a tear in the paper, holding out a piece of bnisht.

The maker

Made by hand. Every piece.

Makers in Ranya cook the resin themselves, then the pieces wait on the tray to be passed on.

And the cooking water?

One maker says the water the resin is cooked in is kept and used as a home remedy. That is one person’s account, not medical advice.

Illustration: under a lamp at night, a smiling woman in a green dress, velvet vest and a small cap with coins places a piece of bnisht on a tray full of pieces.

Generations

From one hand to the next.

Elders in Ranya describe chewing it to clean the mouth and for gum or stomach complaints. A tradition, not medical advice.

Illustration: an old hand in a dark sleeve passes a piece of bnisht down to a child’s small open palm.

The young seller

In the bazaar. Catch.

The young seller keeps a heap of them on the counter, and never hands one over when he can throw it.

Illustration: a young, smiling seller in a white shirt tosses a piece of bnisht across his counter.

Your turn

Hold out your hand.

Press and hold to close your hand

Older than memory: a 7,000-year-old jar

About 7,000 years ago, at Hajji Firuz Tepe in the Zagros Mountains, resin from this family of trees was added to wine jars. It was used in wine, not chewed.

Illustration: an open hand drawn as a single ink line, with a piece of bnisht falling towards it. It closes when you press and hold.

Where it grows

It starts on the mountain.

Before dawn, the elder and his granddaughter climb to the wild pistachio trees. Every piece of bnisht begins up here.

The tree and its fruit in Kurdish:دارەبەنdarebenقەزوانqezwan

Illustration: at dawn, an elder in a check head-wrap walks up a mountain path with a walking stick, holding his granddaughter’s hand. Wild pistachio trees dot the slopes; a pale sun rises.

MorningNoonEvening

Drag the sun across the day

The harvest

Resin, drop by drop.

All through a summer day the resin gathers on the bark. By evening there is enough to carry home.

Illustration: the elder works at the trunk of a wild pistachio tree where amber drops of resin gather; his granddaughter waits on a rock with a small bowl.

Into the pot

Amber in, white out.

The maker boils the resin in water and stirs. Slowly the amber turns milky white, and its bitterness fades.

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Illustration: the woman maker stirs a big black pot over a stone fire with a long wooden paddle; steam rises from the cooking resin.

The bazaar

Everyone takes one.

On market days the heap on the counter never lasts long.

Illustration: a market stall under a brick arch, with a striped awning, a sign reading “Kurdish bnisht”, hanging paper bags, a heap of pieces and the young, smiling seller; people walk past.

Rest

And at the end of the day, one more piece.

Under the same tree, the elder shares a piece with his granddaughter. Somewhere else, someone is taking their first bite.

Illustration: at dusk the elder and his granddaughter sit under the same tree, chewing; he passes her a piece as the pale sun sets and the first stars appear.